Quantenheilung München

Quantenheilung in München

Seminarorte: Darshan Haus

und Walldorfschule Schwabing

Termine Quantenheilung

Quantenheilung Armin Burkard

Zertifizierter Trainer für Quantenheilung

der Verbandes Quantenheilung und der

Quantenheilung Akademie.de in Bayern

Die nächsten Seminartermine in Bayern 

und München  Link 

Quantenheilung

Matrix und Quantenheilung - faszinierende effektive Heilmethode

Ein mächtiger Baum trägt bereits im Inneren des Samenkorns alle Informationen, die er für seine Entstehung braucht. Wir tragen in uns auch bereits alle Informationen, die wir brauchen, um glücklich und gesund zu sein. Die erlöste, transformierte oder geheilte Form unseres Problems, unserer jeweiligen Krankheit ist dort bereits veranlagt.

Quantenheilung Akademie

Mit der Matrix und Quantenheilung ist hierbei eine geniale Methode, sich mit dem Feld der Matrix zu verbinden, in dem alle Lösungen für unsere Themen vorhanden sind. Sie verwendet den Zustand des Reinen Bewusstseins für diese Heil- und Transformationsarbeit. Durch Frank Kinslow (Quantum Entrainment) und Richard Bartlett (Matrix Energetics) bekannt geworden, basiert diese faszinierende und effektive Heilmethode auf der in der hawaiianischen Tradition wurzelnden Zwei-Punkt-Methode. Durch eine direkte Verbindung von jeweiligen Themen, Problemen und schmerzhaften Ereignissen mit der Matrix, der "allumfassenden Quelle", fliessen neue energetische Impulse, genannt Wellen an Information in das Körpersystem ein. Dabei werden Selbstheilungskräfte aktiviert und Blockaden auf körperlicher, emotionaler, geistiger und energetischer Ebene lösen sich auf.

Wir verbinden uns bei der Methode mit unserem höchsten Potential, der Ebene der unbegrenzten Möglichkeiten (Matrix). Das System wählt sich von dort eine gesündere, glücklichere Variante seines Themas aus. Die Anwendung hinterlässt in der Regel bei allen Beteiligten ein Gefühl von Frieden, Freude und Leichtigkeit. Sie kann mühelos auch bei sich selbst oder als Fernbehandlung angewendet werden.

Quantenheilung Akademie

Unser Anliegen ist es,

zwischen dieser ewigen Weisheit, dieser göttlichen Präsenz in uns und dem konkreten Leben eine Verbindung zu schaffen. So einfach, wie es klingt, zeigt die Erfahrung mit der Zwei-Punkt-Methode, ist es auch:

Die Techniken der MATRIX+QUANTENHEILUNG, leicht und mühelos erlernt, verbinden beides auf einem Weg der Transformation und Heilung.

Mit Freude bieten wir seit 2008 erfolgreich Workshops und Seminare anbieten, in denen viele Menschen auf einfache und doch tiefgreifende Art und Weise lernen und erfahren konnten, sich wieder mit ihrem unbegrenzten Potential zu verbinden. Die Erfahrung zeigt, was es bedeutet, sich mit seinem unbegrenzten Wesenskern zu verbinden und grenzenlos frei seine Situation in Angebundenheit und Liebe zu erleben. Dabei erleben wir auch eine neue Verbindung untereinander. Wir können uns selbst und den anderen aus diesem neuen Liebesbewusstsein neu wahrnehmen.

Das sogenannte "Erwachen", frei von jeder Konfession, ein einfaches müheloses spontanes Erleben aus einem freien Bewusstsein heraus, ist für jeden erlernbar und kann in jeden Alltag eines modernen Lebens integriert werden.

Wir wünschen uns, dass wir Menschen wieder bei uns selbst ankommen, unsere wahre Natur und unser Potential wiederentdecken zum Wohle aller einsetzen. Wir sind überzeugt, dass dies die Vorraussetzung für Liebe, Glück und Gesundheit ist.

Quantenheilung Seminar    Matrix Energetics nach Bartlett und Quantenheilung nach Frank Kinslow   Zwei Punkt Methode Matrix Energetics und Triangulation in der Quantenheilung   Quantenheilung Ausbildung Seminar Workshop – Martrix Energetics nach Bartlett Seminar Ausbildung Workshop  Quantenheilung nach Quanten Heiler Frank Kinslow Deepak Chopra   -  Matrx Energetics nach Richard Bartlett Practitioner Ausbildung -  Quantenheilung Verband und Maitrx Energetics nach Bartlett  Quantenheilung in den grössten Städten  Quantenheilung in München  Quantenheilung Berlin Köln München

Venyoo

1. 1.       Quantenheiung Augsburg,  Quantenheilung Wohlstand und Fülle Köln Bonn Berlin   Quantenheilung Murnau München Chiemsee und Berchtesgaden  Quantenheilung auf Corfu  Quantenheilung Leverkusen Düsseldorf Köln Bonn Siegburg    Quantenheilung München Augsburg Würzburg Regensburg  -  Quantenheilung in Kiel  Schleswig Holstein  -  Quantenheilung in München und Berlin Brandenburg -  Quantenheilung und Matrix Energetics in München 2012 -  Matrix Energetics und Quantenheilung in Berlin Brandenburg -   Quantenheilung und Matrix Energetics nach Richard Bartlett in Berlin Leipzig und Brandenburg  -  Matrix Energetics  nach Bartlett und Quantenheilung nach Kinslow in Köln -   Quantensprung 2012 mit Quantenheilung in Berlin  -  Matrix Energetics nach Bartlett Quantenheilung Akademie.de-  Quantenheilung  Düsseldorf ,  Köln, Leverkusen , Bonn, Siegburg -   Matrix Energetics Aachen Düren Düsseldorf Krefeld Köln Bonn -  Matrix Energetics nach Bartlett in Würzburg Augsburg Regensburg  -  wohlstand und Fülle mit Matrix Energetics  nach Bartlett in Köln Berlin Bonn Hannover Münster und München -  Quantenheilung Tübingen Stuttgart Freiburg  Schramberg Rottweil -

München

De stad werd in 1158 gesticht door hertog Hendrik de Leeuw, als handelspost nabij een klooster (Münichen). In 1253 resideerden de Beierse hertogen hier.

Al in de 16e eeuw zijn graaf Willem IV en zijn echtgenote Jacoba van Baden begonnen de verzamelingen aan te leggen die hier te zien zijn. Hun opvolgers, waaronder vooral koning Lodewijk I (19e eeuw) hebben deze collecties geweldig uitgebreid.

In de periode na de Eerste Wereldoorlog werd de stad het toneel van politieke onrust. In de strijd tussen links en rechts was even sprake van een socialistische, zogenaamde, radenrepubliek maar uiteindelijk werd München de plaats waar deNSDAP van Adolf Hitler geboren en groot werd. Adolf Hitler hield regelmatig toespraken in de bierkelders van de stad. In 1923 vond onder zijn leiding een 'putsch' plaats. Deze poging tot machtsovername strandde nabij de Odeonsplatz. De plek wordt tegenwoordig gemarkeerd door een bronzen gedenkteken, waarop de namen van vier gesneuvelde Beierse politiemensen staan gegraveerd. In de naziperiode werden op dezelfde plek juist de zestien gesneuvelde putschisten geëerd met een gedenkteken. Voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog vestigde de NSDAP hier zijn hoofdkwartier. In München bevinden zich nog verschillende bekende nazi-gebouwen, zoals de Führerbau op de Königsplatz en het museum Haus der Deutschen Kunst aan de Prinzregentenstrasse.

In 1938 vond in München de beruchte Conferentie van München plaats, waarbij door nazi-Duitsland, Italië, Groot-Brittanniëen Frankrijk buiten aanwezigheid van Tsjecho-Slowakije werd bepaald dat het Tsjechische Sudetenland aan Duitsland werd toegewezen.

Aan het eind van de Tweede Wereldoorlog was de stad voor een groot deel platgebombardeerd. Bij de wederopbouw na de oorlog werd besloten het historische centrum in oude luister te herstellen. Er is echter ook overwogen de stad een eindje verderop te herbouwen. Daaruit blijkt wel hoe zwaar de stad beschadigd was.^[bron?]

In 1972 vonden in München de zeventiende Olympische Spelen plaats, die werden overschaduwd door een Palestijnse terreuraanslag op de Israëlische sportploeg.

[bewerken]Bezienswaardigheden

De Frauenkirche en Het Nieuwe Stadhuis

• Kerken
  • De Frauenkirche (Vrouwenkerk), de hoofdkerk van München, gebouwd tussen 1468-1488 door architect Jörg von Halsbach, ook Ganghofer genoemd, met fraaie westtorens. Ook het interieur is bezienswaardig. De kerk is hoofdmonument van de Beierse bouwkunst.
  • De Asamkerk, gebouwd in 1733 door de gebroeders Asam.
  • De Theatinerkerk, is gebouwd tussen 1663-1688 met 18e eeuwse gevel.
  • De Sint Michaelskerk uit de 16e eeuw met verschillende praalgraven.

• Overige monumenten
  • Het paleis, de zogenaamde Residenz, uit de 17e eeuw in classicistische stijl.
  • Het nieuwe stadhuis (1867-1908), met zijn opmerkelijke klokkenspel.
  • De zomerkastelen van de Beierse vorsten: Schloss Nymphenburg en Schloss Schleissheim.

[bewerken]Cultuur

[bewerken]Musea

De Alte Pinakothek

• Kunstareal München waar de belangrijkste musea van München zijn gelegen:
  • Alte Pinakothek
  • Neue Pinakothek
  • Pinakothek der Moderne
  • Beeldenpark van de Pinakotheken München
  • Staatliche Graphische Sammlung
  • Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus
  • Glyptothek München

Zie Kunstareal München voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.

Overige musea:

Het Deutsches Museum

• Bayerisches Nationalmuseum
• BMW Museum
• Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg
• Museum Brandhorst
• Deutsches Museum
• Haus der Kunst
• Jüdisches Museum
• Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung
• Münchner Stadtmuseum
• Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
• Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde

[bewerken]Sport

De Allianz Arena, de thuishaven van FC Bayern München en TSV 1860 München

In de Duitse Bundesliga en 2.Bundesliga heeft München twee clubs spelen: FC Bayern München en TSV 1860 München. Beide teams spelen in de Allianz Arena (69.901 plaatsen^[2], 66.000 zonder staanplaatsen).

München organiseerde in 1972 de Olympische Zomerspelen. Deze Spelen zullen vooral herinnerd blijven om het gijzelingsdrama dat er plaatsvond. Hierbij werden 11 Israëlische atleten gegijzeld door een groep Palestijnse terroristen. Bij een mislukte bevrijdingsactie kwamen de 11 atleten allemaal om het leven.

[bewerken]Evenementen

In München vindt jaarlijks in september op de Theresienwiese het bekende Oktoberfest plaats, het grootste bierevenement ter wereld. Sportief gezien is de stad ook vaak in de publiciteit. Dat komt door de aanwezigheid van de Europese topvoetbalclub FC Bayern München.

Eind juni wordt jaarlijks het filmfestival van München gehouden. Na de Berlinale is dit het belangrijkste filmfestival van Duitsland.

[bewerken]Gastronomie

Een worstspecialiteit uit München is de Weißwurst.

[bewerken]Stadsdelen

München bestaat sinds 1992 uit 25 stadsdelen (Stadtbezirke):

Altstadt-Lehel Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt Maxvorstadt Schwabing-West Au-Haidhausen Sendling Sendling-Westpark Schwanthalerhöhe Neuhausen-Nymphenburg Moosach Milbertshofen-Am Hart Schwabing-Freimann Bogenhausen

Berg am Laim Trudering-Riem Ramersdorf-Perlach Obergiesing Untergiesing-Harlaching Thalkirchen-Obersendling- Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln Hadern Pasing-Obermenzing Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied Allach-Untermenzing Feldmoching-Hasenbergl Laim

[bewerken]Geboren

• Ludwig von Schwanthaler (1802-1848), beeldhouwer
• Carl Spitzweg (1808-1885), schilder
• Charles De Coster (1827-1879), Belgische schrijver
• Lodewijk II van Beieren (1845-1886), koning van Beieren
• Walter Sickert (1860-1942), Engels kunstschilder
• Richard Strauss (1864-1949), componist
• Max Scheler (22 augustus 1874-19 mei 1928), filosoof
• Franz Marc (1880-1916), schilder
• Karl Valentin (1882-1948), cabaretier
• Lion Feuchtwanger (1884-1958), schrijver
• Carl Orff (1895-1982), componist
• Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945), nazileider, hoofd van de SS en Holocaustpleger
• Albrecht von Quirnheim (25 maart 1905-1944), officier
• Eva Braun (1912-1945), echtgenote van dictator Adolf Hitler
• Heinrich Hollreiser (1913-2006), dirigent
• Gisela Mauermayer (1913-1995), Olympisch kampioene discuswerpen
• Wilhelm Simetsreiter (1915-2001), voetballer
• Hans Christian Blech (1915-2003), acteur
• Traudl Junge (1920-2002), secretaresse van Adolf Hitler
• Michael Haneke (1942), filmregisseur
• Werner Herzog(1942), filmregisseur, -producer, -schrijver en acteur
• Andreas Baader (6 mei 1943 - 18 oktober 1977), terrorist
• Franz Beckenbauer (1945), voetballer, voetbaltrainer en sportbestuurder
• Frank Shorter (31 oktober 1947), Amerikaanse langeafstandsloper
• Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck (3 april 1948), voetballer
• Markus Babbel (1972), voetballer
• Florian Gallenberger (1972), scenarioschrijver en regisseur
• Lou Bega (1975), zanger
• Tobias Unger (10 juli 1979), atleet
• Berkant Göktan (12 december 1980), voetballer
• Thomas Hitzlsperger (1982), voetballer
• Philipp Lahm (1983), voetballer
• Christopher Zeller (14 september 1984), hockeyer
• Stephan Fürstner (11 september 1987), voetballer
• Natalie Geisenberger (5 februari 1988), rodelaarster

[bewerken]Partnersteden

•  Bordeaux (Frankrijk)
•  Verona (Italië)
•  Edinburgh (Verenigd Koninkrijk)
•  Sapporo (Japan)
•  Cincinnati (Verenigde Staten)
•  Kiev (Ukraïne)
•  Harare (Zimbabwe) (bevroren relatie)

[bewerken]Fotogalerij

Hofgarten   Olympisch park   De Theatinerkerk   Bavaria-monument   Hypo Haus   Chinese toren in de Engelse tuin   BMW Welt   Mariensäule

[bewerken]Externe links

• Officiële website van München

Meer mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina München op Wikimedia Commons.

FC Bayern München

(Doorverwezen vanaf Bayern München)

FC Bayern München
Naam	Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V.
Bijnaam	"Die Bayern" "FC Hollywood" "Rekordmeister"
Opgericht	1900
Stadion	Allianz Arena, München
Capaciteit	69.901
Voorzitter	Uli Hoeneß
Eigenaar	FC Bayern München e.V. (84,1%),  Adidas AG (9,4%),  AUDI AG (6,5%)
Trainer	Jupp Heynckes
Competitie	Bundesliga
Thuiskleuren Uitkleuren
geldig voor 2010/2011
2010/11
2009/10
Portaal     Voetbal

FC Bayern München is een Duitse voetbalclub, uitkomend in de Bundesliga en opgericht in 1900. De thuishaven was tot de zomer van 2005 het Olympiastadion, maar is verruild voor de Allianz Arena.

Bayern is de bekendste en meest succesvolle club van Duitsland en is één van de vier clubs die alle grote Europese prijzen heeft gewonnen. Opvallend is dat de opkomst van deze vereniging, tot circa 1965 kleiner dan stadgenoot TSV 1860 München, gelijk opliep met de opkomst van Franz Beckenbauer.

Met het behalen van de 20e titel in de Bundesliga in 2008 mag het als eerste Duitse team vier kampioenssterren boven het logo voeren.

Inhoud   [verbergen]  1 Geschiedenis 1.1 Geschiedenis tot aan WOII 1.2 Oberliga 1.3 Bundesliga 2 Erelijst 3 Resultaten 4 Bayern in Europa 5 Selectie 2011-2012 5.1 Aangetrokken 2011/2012 5.2 Vertrokken 2011/2012 6 Aanvoerders 7 Bekende spelers 8 Omnisportvereniging 9 Externe links

[bewerken]Geschiedenis

[bewerken]Geschiedenis tot aan WOII

FC Nürnberg tegen Bayern München in 1901

De club werd opgericht op 27 februari 1900 en speelde de eerste competitiewedstrijden in de regionale Bayern-liga. Het eerste succes kwam er in 1926 toen de Zuid-Duitse titel gewonnen werd, twee jaar later deed de club dit nog eens over. Het eerste nationale succes kwam er in 1932. In het Zuid-Duitse kampioenschap verloor de club in de finale van Eintracht Frankfurt maar kwalificeerde zich evenzeer voor het nationaal kampioenschap. In de voorronde werd Minerva ’93 Berlin verslagen, in de kwartfinale Polizei SV Chemnitz. In de halve finale won Bayern met 2-0 van1. FC Nürnberg en in de finale trof het opnieuw Frankfurt, dit keer trok Bayern aan het langste eind en mocht zich voor het eerst in de geschiedenis Duits kampioen kronen, een feit dat de club nog vaak zou herhalen.

Nadat Hitler aan de macht kwam in Duitsland kwam er een abrupt einde aan de ontwikkeling van de club. De voorzitter en de trainer van de club die allebei joods waren verlieten het land en velen andere van de club zagen zich daar ook toe gedwongen. De volgende jaren ging het dan ook minder goed met de club.

[bewerken]Oberliga

Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd de Gauliga afgeschaft en kwamen er 5 nieuwe competities die als hoogste klasse fungeerden, Bayern belandde in de Oberliga Süd. Na drie seizoenen werd de vierde plaats bereikt, een jaar later zelfs de derde plaats. Daarna belandde de club in de middenmoot tot degradatie volgde in 1955. Na één seizoen keerde Bayern echter terug en won de DFB Pokal in de finale van Fortuna Düsseldorf. Ook in de competitie ging het beter en beter en de laatste twee seizoenen van de Oberliga sloot de club met een derde plaats af. Eind jaren 50 kreeg de club wel financiële problemen en stond op de rand van een faillissement.

In seizoen 1962/63 mocht de club voor het eerst proeven van Europees voetbal in de Jaarbeursstedenbeker. Nadat eerst Basel XI verslagen werd vernederde het Drumcondra FC met 6-0. In de kwartfinale riep het Joegoslavische Dinamo Zagreb echter een halt toe aan de club.

[bewerken]Bundesliga

Een postzegel naar aanleiding van het landskampioenschap in 1997

In 1963 werd de Bundesliga opgericht. Bayern eindigde derde in het voorgaande seizoen van de Oberliga, maar omdat stadsrivaal TSV 1860 München kampioen geworden was en de bond geen twee clubs uit dezelfde stad in de Bundesliga wilde hebben moest Bayern starten in de Regionalliga, toen nog de tweede klasse. Pas na twee seizoenen promoveerde de club naar de Bundesliga, waar Bayern nooit meer zou weg gaan.

In het eerste seizoen in de Bundesliga werd Bayern derde en won de Duitse beker waardoor de club Europees voetbal mocht spelen. Rapid Wien was de enige club die dat seizoen van Bayern kon winnen, dat was in de kwartfinale, in de terugwedstrijd won Bayern en won later ook tegen Rangers FC de Europacup II. Het volgende seizoen werd de beker opnieuw gewonnen en in de Europacup werd de halve finale bereikt waarin AC Milan een maatje te groot was. Onder de leiding van Branko Zebec werd Bayern in 1969 voor de tweede maal landskampioen en won opnieuw de beker waardoor de club de eerste dubbel van de Bundesliga won.

In 1970 werd Udo Lattek trainer. In zijn eerste seizoen leidde hij Bayern naar een nieuwe bekerwinst en het jaar erna naar de derde landstitel. De beslissende wedstrijd tijdens seizoen 1971/72 tegen Schalke 04 was de eerste wedstrijd in het gloednieuwe Olympiastadion en de eerste live-wedstrijd op televisie van de Bundesliga. Bayern gaf Schalke een veeg uit de pan en won met 5-1 en won zo de titel. Er werden ook enkele records gevestigd waaronder het hoogste aantal punten en het meeste aantal goals. Ook de volgende twee titels werden behaald maar het hoogtepunt kwam er in 1974 toen de club voor het eerst de Europacup Iwon in de finale van Atlético Madrid met maar liefst 4-0. Het volgende seizoen kon de club de landstitel niet verlengen maar wel de Europese titel, dit keer werd Leeds United verslagen en ook in 1976 trok de club aan het langste eind tegen AS Saint-Étienne. In 1977 versloeg Dynamo Kiev de club in de kwartfinale en doorbrak daarmee de hegemonie van Bayern. In 1976 won de club ook nog eens de Intercontinentale beker tegen het Braziliaanse Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte.

Begin jaren 80 doken financiële problemen op, de titel werd wel nog gewonnen in 1980 en 1981 maar dan kwamen twee seizoenen zonder een trofee. Nadat ex-trainer Udo Lattek terugkeerde won Bayern de DFB Pokal in 1984 en won dan vijf van de volgende zes landstitels. In de Europese wedstrijden werd enkel in 1982 en 1987 de eindmeet behaald maar daarin waren Aston Villa en FC Porto te sterk. Na de titel in 1990ging het slechter met de club en in het seizoen 1991/92 - een jaargang waarin de club drie trainers versleet, onder wie Jupp Heynckes, die later als enige op drie ambtstermijnen als coach van Bayern zou mogen bogen - eindigde Bayern slechts vijf punten boven een degradatieplaats.

Het succes keerde terug toen Franz Beckenbauer trainer werd in de tweede helft van seizoen 1993/94 toen opnieuw de titel behaald werd. Daarna werd hij als voorzitter van de club aangesteld maar zijn trainer-opvolgers behaalden niet de gehoopte resultaten. De spelers van Bayern verschenen vaker in de roddelblaadjes dan in de sportmagazines waardoor de club de bijnaam FC Hollywood kreeg. Beckenbauer keerde terug als trainer en won de UEFA Cup in 1996 tegen Girondins de Bordeaux.

Van 1998 tot 2004 was Ottmar Hitzfeld trainer en hij werd de meest succesvolle in de geschiedenis van de club. In zijn eerste seizoen werd Bayern kampioen. In 1999 verloor de club de finale van de Champions League van Manchester United maar kon twee jaar later wel de titel winnen tegen Valencia CF. Dat jaar werd ook voor de derde keer op rij de landstitel gewonnen en voor de tweede maal de intercontinentale beker. Na een trofeeloos 2002 won Bayern opnieuw de dubbel in 2003. De heerschappij van Hitzfled eindigde in 2004 toen de club niet de titel haalde en in de beker door tweedeklasser Alemannia Aachen uitgeschakeld werd.

Voor de start van seizoen 2005/06 verhuisde Bayern van het Olympiastadion naar de nieuwe Allianz Arena die de club deelt met TSV 1860. In de zomer van 2006 verkocht TSV 1860 de aandelen van de Allianz Arena aan Bayern door een financiële crisis. Bayern is nu alleen eigenaar maar beide clubs hopen dat TSV de aandelen terug kan kopen.

In januari 2007 keerde Ottmar Hitzfeld terug als trainer nadat de resultaten wat tegen vielen. Hitzfeld kon het tij niet keren en Bayern kon zich niet echt mengen in de titelstrijd en moest deze overlaten aan Schalke 04, Werder Bremen en VfB Stuttgart.

Na het teleurstellende seizoen deed de Zuid-Duitse club een aantal nieuwe aankopen, waaronder Luca Toni van Fiorentina, Franck Ribéry van Olympique Marseille en Miroslav Klose van Werder Bremen. Dit pakte erg goed uit want Bayern pakte de Duitse beker, bereikte de halve finale van de UEFA-cup en pakte op de 31ste speeldag voor de 21ste keer het Duitse kampioenschap.

Voor het seizoen 2009/10 werd Louis van Gaal aangesteld als trainer. Hij volgde de ontslagen Jürgen Klinsmann op die vervangen werd door interim-trainer Jupp Heynckes. Voor zijn komst was er al geïnvesteerd in nieuwe aankopen, zoals Ivica Olić en Mario Gómez, na zijn komst werden Braafheid en Pranjić aangetrokken. Na een matig begin van Bayern in de Duitse competitie werd ook nog Arjen Robben, die van Real Madrid voor € 25 miljoen werd overgenomen, toegevoegd aan de selectie. Dat bleek een gouden aankoop want mede onder zijn impulsen begon Bayern langzaam steeds beter te draaien in de Duitse competitie, maar ook in de Duitse beker en de Champions League. Na een spannende strijd met Schalke 04 wint Bayern het Duitse kampioenschap voor de 22ste keer en won het voor de 15de keer de Duitse Beker, het won de finale van Werder Bremen. Het stond bovendien in de finale van de Champions League, maar die werd met 2-0 van Inter verloren.

Nog in de heenronde van het seizoen 2010-2011 kreeg Louis van Gaal van de clubleiding, ondanks een niet geheel naar wens verlopen start in de Bundesliga, een contractverlenging tot 2012. Vervolgens kwamen het bestuur en Van Gaal echter al vroeg in 2011 overeen, de samenwerking al medio 2011 stop te zetten. Op zaterdag 9 april 2011, nadat Bayern Europees en in de DFB-Pokal al was uitgeschakeld door respectievelijk Internazionale en Schalke en de recordkampioen opnieuw naar de vierde plaats in de Bundesliga was afgezakt, deelde Ulli Hoeness mee dat Van Gaal met onmiddellijke ingang aan de deur werd gezet. Hoeness nam Van Gaal in het bijzonder kwalijk dat hij Thomas Kraft boven Jörg Butt in doel had verkozen (Kraft speelde een ongelukkige rol bij tegendoelpunten van Bayern in de competitiewedstrijden op Hannover en Nürnberg in de terugronde van de Bundesliga 2010-2011.) Ook zou er onder de Nederlandse oefenmeester ,,nooit plezier in de groep" geheerst hebben en zou de bewering dat de spelersgroep achter Van Gaal stond ,,ein Märchen" geweest zijn. Volgens Karl-Heinz Rummenigge nam Van Gaal het ontslag professioneel en zonder emotie- of woedeuitbarsting op. Op zondag 10 april 2011 nam Andries Jonker dan het roer over aan de Säbener Strasse, nadat Van Gaal hem expliciet had toevertrouwd daar geen bezwaar tegen te koesteren en dat de relatie tussen hen twee niet zou verslechteren. Voor het seizoen 2011/12 werd een oude bekende aangesteld als nieuwe eindverantwoordelijke. Na twee eerdere periodes in Beieren werd Jupp Heynckes opnieuw hoofdtrainer. Hij was afkomstig van Bayer Leverkusen.

[bewerken]Erelijst

Duits landskampioen (22)

1931/32, 1968/69, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1973/74, 1979/80, 1980/81, 1984/85, 1985/86, 1986/87, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1993/94, 1996/97, 1998/99, 1999/2000, 2000/01, 2002/03, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2007/08, 2009/10

 DFB-Pokal (15)

1957, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010

DFB-Supercup (3)

1982 (niet officieel), 1987, 1990, 2010

Ligapokal (6)

1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007

Zuid-Duitse kampioen (2)

1926, 1928

Europacup I / Champions League (4)

1974, 1975, 1976, 2001

Europacup II (1)

1967

UEFA Cup (1)

1996

Intercontinental Cup (2)

1976, 2001

[bewerken]Resultaten

Seizoen	Klasse				Reeks	Punten	Opmerkingen
	I	II	III	IV
1923/24	3				Bezirksliga Bayern	15	De Bezirksliga werd in 1923 ingevoerd in Beieren.
1924/25	4				Bezirksliga Bayern	17
1925/26	1				Bezirksliga Bayern	20
1926/27	5				Bezirksliga Bayern	23
1927/28	1				Bezirksliga Bayern (Südbayern)	19
1928/29	1				Bezirksliga Bayern (Südbayern)	22
1929/30	1				Bezirksliga Bayern (Südbayern)	24
1930/31	1				Bezirksliga Bayern (Südbayern)	23
1931/32	1				Bezirksliga Bayern (Südbayern)	28	FC Bayern won in de finale van de eindronde met 2-0 van Eintracht Frankfurt en werd voor de eerste keer landskampioen.
1932/33	1				Bezirksliga Bayern (Südbayern)	30
1933/34	3				Gauliga Bayern	27	Adolf Hitler kwam in Duitsland aan de macht. De Nazi's voerden de Gauliga in.
1934/35	4				Gauliga Bayern	24
1935/36	3				Gauliga Bayern	27
1936/37	3				Gauliga Bayern	20
1937/38	5				Gauliga Bayern	19
1938/39	7				Gauliga Bayern	17
1939/40	8				Gauliga Bayern	12
1940/41	8				Gauliga Bayern	20
1941/42	8				Gauliga Bayern	17
1942/43	3				Gauliga Bayern (Süd)	22
1943/44	1				Gauliga Bayern (Süd)	31	In de eindronde om de landstitel werd FC Bayern uitgeschakeld door VfR Mannheim.
1944/45	(1)				Gauliga München-Oberbayern		Door de oorlog werd er geen volledige competitie afgewerkt. FC Bayern stond wel aan de leiding en kon niet meer ingehaald worden.
1945/46	6				Oberliga Süd	34
1946/47	11				Oberliga Süd	36
1947/48	4				Oberliga Süd	50
1948/49	3				Oberliga Süd	35
1949/50	13				Oberliga Süd	25
1950/51	9				Oberliga Süd	33
1951/52	8				Oberliga Süd	29
1952/53	7				Oberliga Süd	30
1953/54	9				Oberliga Süd	28
1954/55	16				Oberliga Süd	15
1955/56		2			2.Oberliga Süd	56
1956/57	10				Oberliga Süd	26
1957/58	7				Oberliga Süd	30
1958/59	4				Oberliga Süd	39
1959/60	3				Oberliga Süd	38
1960/61	8				Oberliga Süd	30
1961/62	3				Oberliga Süd	40
1962/63	3				Oberliga Süd	40
1963/64		2			Regionalliga	52	Er mocht slechts één team uit München naar de Bundesliga en dat was TSV 1860 München. FC Bayern belandde in de Regionalliga.
1964/65		1			Regionalliga	55
1965/66	3				Bundesliga	47
1966/67	6				Bundesliga	37
1967/68	5				Bundesliga	38
1968/69	1				Bundesliga	46
1969/70	2				Bundesliga	47
1970/71	2				Bundesliga	48
1971/72	1				Bundesliga	55
1972/73	1				Bundesliga	54
1973/74	1				Bundesliga	49
1974/75	10				Bundesliga	34
1975/76	3				Bundesliga	40
1976/77	7				Bundesliga	37
1977/78	12				Bundesliga	32
1978/79	4				Bundesliga	40
1979/80	1				Bundesliga	50
1980/81	1				Bundesliga	53
1981/82	3				Bundesliga	43
1982/83	4				Bundesliga	44
1983/84	4				Bundesliga	47
1984/85	1				Bundesliga	50
1985/86	1				Bundesliga	49
1986/87	1				Bundesliga	53
1987/88	2				Bundesliga	48
1988/89	1				Bundesliga	50
1989/90	1				Bundesliga	49
1990/91	2				Bundesliga	45
1991/92	10				Bundesliga	36
1992/93	2				Bundesliga	47
1993/94	1				Bundesliga	44
1994/95	6				Bundesliga	43
1995/96	2				Bundesliga	62
1996/97	1				Bundesliga	71
1997/98	2				Bundesliga	66
1998/99	1				Bundesliga	78
1999/00	1				Bundesliga	73
2000/01	1				Bundesliga	63
2001/02	3				Bundesliga	68
2002/03	1				Bundesliga	75
2003/04	2				Bundesliga	68
2004/05	1				Bundesliga	77
2005/06	1				Bundesliga	75
2006/07	4				Bundesliga	60
2007/08	1				Bundesliga	76
2008/09	2				Bundesliga	67
2009/10	1				Bundesliga	70

[bewerken]Bayern in Europa

• Q = voorronde
• PO = play-offs
• Groep = groepsfase
• Groep 1 = eerste groepsfase
• Groep 2 = tweede groepsfase
• R = ronde
• 1/8 = 1/8ste finale
• 1/4 = kwartfinale
• 1/2 = halve finale
• F = finale
• PUC = punten UEFA coëfficiënten

Seizoen	Competitie	Ronde	Land	Club	Score	PUC
1962/63	Jaarbeursstedenbeker	1R		Basel XI	3-0, n/a	6.0
		1/8		Drumcondra FC	6-0, 0-1
		1/4		GNK Dinamo Zagreb	1-4, 0-0
1966/67	Europacup II	1R		TJ Tatran Prešov	1-1, 3-2	17.0
		1/8		Shamrock Rovers	1-1, 3-2
		1/4		Rapid Wien	0-1, 2-0
		1/2		Standard Luik	2-0, 3-1
		F		Rangers FC	1-0
1967/68	Europacup II	1R		Panathinaikos FC	5-0, 2-1	13.0
		1/8		Vitória Setúbal	6-2, 1-1
		1/4		Valencia CF	1-1, 1-0
		1/2		AC Milan	0-2, 0-0
1969/70	Europacup I	1R		AS Saint-Étienne	2-0, 0-3	2.0
1970/71	Jaarbeursstedenbeker	1R		Rangers FC	1-0, 1-1	11.0
		2R		Coventry City FC	6-1, 1-2
		1/8		Sparta Rotterdam	2-1, 3-1
		1/4		Liverpool FC	0-3, 1-1
1971/72	Europacup II	1R		TJ Škoda Pilsen	1-0, 6-1	12.0
		1/8		Liverpool FC	0-0, 3-1
		1/4		Steaua Boekarest	1-1, 0-0
		1/2		Rangers FC	1-1, 0-2
1972/73	Europacup I	1R		Galatasaray SK	1-1, 6-0	10.0
		1/8		Omonia Nicosia	9-0, 4-0
		1/4		Ajax	0-4, 2-1
1973/74	Europacup I	1R		Åtvidabergs FF	3-1, 1-3 (n.p. 4-3)	14.0
		1/8		Dynamo Dresden	4-3, 3-3
		1/4		CSKA Sofia	4-1, 1-2
		1/2		Újpest Dósza	1-1, 3-0
		F		Atlético Madrid	1-1, 4-0
1974/75	Europacup I	1/8		1. FC Magdeburg	3-2, 2-1	14.0
		1/4		Ararat Erevan	2-0, 0-1
		1/2		AS Saint-Étienne	0-0, 2-0
		F		Leeds United AFC	2-0
1975/76	Europacup I	1R		Jeunesse Esch	5-0, 3-1	17.0
		1/8		Malmö FF	0-1, 2-0
		1/4		SL Benfica	0-0, 5-1
		1/2		Real Madrid CF	1-1, 2-0
		F		AS Saint-Étienne	1-0
1976/77	Europacup I	1R		Køge BK	5-0, 2-1	9.0
		1/8		TJ Baník OKD Ostrava	1-2, 5-0
		1/4		FC Dynamo Kiev	1-0, 0-2
1977/78	UEFA Cup	1R		Mjøndalen IF	8-0, 4-0	6.0
		2R		Marek Stanke Dimitrov	3-0, 0-2
		1/8		Eintracht Frankfurt	0-4, 1-2
1979/80	UEFA Cup	1R		Bohemians CKD Praag	2-0, 2-2	15.0
		2R		Aarhus GF	2-1, 3-1
		1/8		Rode Ster Belgrado	2-0, 2-3
		1/4		1. FC Kaiserslautern	0-1, 4-1
		1/2		Eintracht Frankfurt	2-0, 1-5
1980/81	Europacup I	1R		Olympiakos Piraeus	4-2, 3-0	14.0
		1/8		Ajax	5-1, 1-2
		1/4		Baník OKD Ostrava	2-0, 4-2
		1/2		Liverpool FC	0-0, 1-1
1981/82	Europacup I	1R		Östers IF	1-0, 5-0	15.0
		1/8		SL Benfica	0-0, 4-1
		1/4		Universitatea Craiova	2-0, 1-1
		1/2		CSKA Sofia	3-4, 4-0
		F		Aston Villa FC	0-1
1982/83	Europacup II	1R		Torpedo Moskou	1-1, 0-0	7.0
		1/8		Tottenham Hotspur FC	1-1, 4-1
		1/4		Aberdeen FC	0-0, 2-3
1983/84	UEFA Cup	1R		Anorthosis Famagusta	1-0, 10-0	8.0
		2R		PAOK Saloniki	0-0, 0-0 (9-8 n.p.)
		1/8		Tottenham Hotspur FC	1-0, 0-2
1984/85	Europacup II	1R		Moss FK	4-1, 2-1	13.0
		1/8		Trakia Plovdiv	4-1, 0-2
		1/4		AS Roma	2-0, 2-1
		1/2		Everton FC	0-0, 1-3
1985/86	Europacup I	1R		Górnik Zabrze	2-1, 4-2	10.0
		1/8		FK Austria Wien	4-2, 3-3
		1/4		RSC Anderlecht	2-1, 0-2
1986/87	Europacup I	1R		PSV	2-0, 0-0	14.0
		1/8		FK Austria Wien	2-0, 1-1
		1/4		RSC Anderlecht	5-0, 2-2
		1/2		Real Madrid CF	4-1, 0-1
		F		FC Porto	1-2
1987/88	Europacup I	1R		CFKA Sredets Sofia	4-0, 1-0	9.0
		1/8		Neuchâtel Xamax FC	1-2, 2-0
		1/4		Real Madrid CF	3-2, 0-2
1988/89	UEFA Cup	1R		Legia Warschau	3-1, 7-3	15.0
		2R		DAC Dunajská Streda	3-1, 2-0
		1/8		Internazionale	0-2, 3-1
		1/4		Heart of Midlothian FC	0-1, 2-0
		1/2		SSC Napoli	0-2, 2-2
1989/90	Europacup I	1R		Rangers FC	3-1, 1-0	15.0
		1/8		17 Nëntori Tirana	3-1, 3-0
		1/4		PSV	2-1, 1-0
		1/2		AC Milan	0-1, 2-1
1990/91	Europacup I	1R		APOEL Nicosia	3-2, 4-0	14.0
		1/8		CSKA Sofia	4-0, 3-0
		1/4		Baník OKD Ostrava	2-0, 4-2
		1/2		Rode Ster Belgrado	1-2, 2-2
1991/92	UEFA Cup	1R		Cork City FC	1-1, 2-0	5.0
		2R		Boldklubben 1903	2-6, 1-0
1993/94	UEFA Cup	1R		FC Twente	4-3, 3-0	5.0
		2R		Norwich City FC	1-2, 1-1
1994/95	Champions League	Groep		Paris Saint-Germain	0-2, 0-1	12.0
		Groep		FC Dynamo Kiev	1-0, 4-1
		Groep		Spartak Moskou	1-1, 2-1
		1/4		IFK Göteborg	0-0, 2-2
		1/2		Ajax	0-0, 2-5
1995/96	UEFA Cup	1R		Lokomotiv Moskou	0-1, 5-0	24.0
		2R		Raith Rovers FC	2-0, 2-1
		1/8		SL Benfica	4-1, 1-1
		1/4		Nottingham Forest FC	2-1, 5-1
		1/2		FC Barcelona	2-2, 1-0
		F		Girondins de Bordeaux	2-0, 3-1
1996/97	UEFA Cup	1R		Valencia CF	0-3, 1-0	2.0
1997/98	Champions League	Groep		Beşiktaş JK	2-0, 2-0	11.0
		Groep		IFK Göteborg	3-1, 0-1
		Groep		Paris Saint-Germain	5-1, 1-3
		1/4		Borussia Dortmund	0-0, 0-1
1998/99	Champions League	2Q		FK Obilić	4-0, 1-1	20.5
		Groep		Brøndby IF	1-2, 2-0
		Groep		Manchester United FC	2-2, 1-1
		Groep		FC Barcelona	1-0, 2-1
		1/4		1. FC Kaiserslautern	2-0, 4-0
		1/2		FC Dynamo Kiev	3-3, 1-0
		F		Manchester United FC	1-2
1999/00	Champions League	Groep 1		PSV	2-1, 1-2	24.0
		Groep 1		Rangers FC	1-1, 1-0
		Groep 1		Valencia CF	1-1, 1-1
		Groep 2		Rosenborg BK	1-1, 2-1
		Groep 2		FC Dynamo Kiev	2-1, 0-2
		Groep 2		Real Madrid CF	4-2, 4-1
		1/4		FC Porto	1-1, 2-1
		1/2		Real Madrid CF	0-2, 2-1
2000/01	Champions League	Groep 1		Helsingborgs IF	3-1, 0-0	30.0
		Groep 1		Rosenborg BK	3-1, 0-0
		Groep 1		Paris Saint-Germain	0-1, 2-0
		Groep 2		Olympique Lyon	1-0, 0-3
		Groep 2		Arsenal FC	2-2, 1-0
		Groep 2		Spartak Moskou	1-0, 3-0
		1/4		Manchester United FC	1-0, 2-1
		1/2		Real Madrid CF	1-0, 2-1
		F		Valencia CF	1-1 (5-4 n.p.)
2001/02	Champions League	Groep 1		Sparta Praag	0-0, 1-0	23.0
		Groep 1		Spartak Moskou	3-1, 5-1
		Groep 1		Feyenoord	2-2, 3-1
		Groep 2		Manchester United FC	1-1, 0-0
		Groep 2		FC Nantes	1-0, 2-1
		Groep 2		Boavista FC	0-0, 1-0
		1/4		Real Madrid CF	2-1, 0-2
2002/03	Champions League	3Q		FK Partizan	3-0, 3-1	5.0
		Groep 1		Deportivo La Coruña	2-3, 1-2
		Groep 1		RC Lens	1-1, 3-3
		Groep 1		AC Milan	1-2, 1-2
2003/04	Champions League	Groep		Celtic FC	2-1, 0-0	9.0
		Groep		RSC Anderlecht	1-1, 1-0
		Groep		Olympique Lyon	1-1, 1-2
		1/8		Real Madrid CF	1-1, 0-1
2004/05	Champions League	Groep		Maccabi Tel Aviv FC	1-0, 5-1	16.0
		Groep		Ajax	4-0, 2-2
		Groep		Juventus FC	0-1, 0-1
		1/8		Arsenal FC	3-1, 0-1
		1/4		Chelsea FC	2-4, 3-2
2005/06	Champions League	Groep		Rapid Wien	1-0, 4-0	14.0
		Groep		Club Brugge	1-0, 1-1
		Groep		Juventus FC	2-1, 1-2
		1/8		AC Milan	1-1, 1-4
2006/07	Champions League	Groep		Spartak Moskou	4-0, 2-2	17.0
		Groep		Internazionale	2-0, 1-1
		Groep		Sporting Portugal	1-0, 0-0
		1/8		Real Madrid CF	2-3, 2-1
		1/4		AC Milan	2-2, 0-2
2007/08	UEFA Cup	1R		CF Belenenses	1-0, 2-0	20.0
		Groep		Rode Ster Belgrado	3-2
		Groep		Bolton Wanderers FC	2-2
		Groep		SC Braga	1-1
		Groep		Aris Saloniki	6-0
		3R		Aberdeen FC	2-2, 5-1
		1/8		RSC Anderlecht	5-0, 1-2
		1/4		Getafe CF	1-1, 3-3 (nv)
		1/2		FK Zenit Sint-Petersburg	1-1, 0-4
2008/09	Champions League	Groep		Olympique Lyon	1-1, 3-2	20.0
		Groep		Steaua Boekarest	1-0, 3-0
		Groep		ACF Fiorentina	3-0, 1-1
		1/8		Sporting Portugal	5-0, 7-1
		1/4		FC Barcelona	0-4, 1-1
2009/10	Champions League	Groep		Maccabi Haifa FC	3-0, 1-0	27.0
		Groep		Juventus FC	0-0, 4-1
		Groep		Girondins de Bordeaux	1-2, 0-2
		1/8		ACF Fiorentina	2-1, 2-3
		1/4		Manchester United FC	2-1, 2-3
		1/2		Olympique Lyon	1-0, 3-0
		F		Internazionale	0-2
2010/11	Champions League	Groep		CFR Cluj	3-2, 4-0	21.0
		Groep		AS Roma	2-0, 2-3
		Groep		FC Basel	2-1, 3-0
		1/8		Internazionale	1-0, 2-3
2011/12	Champions League	PO		FC Zürich	2-0, 1-0	13.0
		Groep		Villarreal CF	2-0
		Groep		Manchester City FC	2-0
		Groep		SSC Napoli	1-1, 3-2

Totaal aantal punten voor UEFA coëfficiënten: 598.5

Zie ook: Deelnemers UEFA-toernooien Duitsland

[bewerken]Selectie 2011-2012

No.	Naam	Nationaliteit	Positie	Wedstrijden	Doelpunten	Contract
1.	Manuel Neuer	Duitsland	Doelman	?	?	??-??-????
2.	Breno	Brazilië	Verdediger	8	0	30-06-2012
5.	Daniel Van Buyten	België	Verdediger	296	37	30-06-2012
7.	Franck Ribéry	Frankrijk	Middenvelder	195	33	30-06-2015
9.	Nils Petersen	Duitsland	Aanvaller	0	0	19-06-2014
10.	Arjen Robben	Nederland	Middenvelder	226	54	30-06-2013
11.	Ivica Olić	Kroatië	Aanvaller	309	152	30-06-2012
13.	Rafinha	Brazilië	Verdediger	0	0	30-06-2014
14.	Takashi Usami Gehuurd van Gamba Osaka	Japan	Aanvaller	0	0	19-06-20??
17.	Jérôme Boateng	Duitsland	Verdediger	0	0	30-06-2015
21.	Philipp Lahm	Duitsland	Verdediger	173	6	30-06-2016
22.	Hans-Jörg Butt	Duitsland	Keeper	62	0	30-06-2012
23	Daniel Pranjic	Kroatië	Middenvelder	220	37	30-06-2012
24.	Maximilian Riedmüller	Duitsland	Keeper	0	0	30-06-20??
25.	Thomas Müller	Duitsland	Aanvaller	17	5	30-06-2015
26.	Diego Contento	Duitsland	Verdediger	7	0	30-06-2013
27	David Alaba	Oostenrijk	Middenvelder	5	0	30-06-20??
28.	Holger Badstuber	Duitsland	Verdediger	17	1	30-06-2014
30.	Luiz Gustavo	Brazilië	Middenvelder			Onbekend
31.	Bastian Schweinsteiger	Duitsland	Middenvelder	199	21	30-06-2012
32.	Rouven Sattelmaier	Duitsland	Keeper	0	0	30-06-2014
33.	Mario Gómez	Duitsland	Aanvaller	136	69	30-06-2013
34.	Nicolas Juellich	Duitsland	Middenvelder	0	0	30-06-20??
36.	Boy Deul	Nederland	Middenvelder	0	0	30-06-20??
39.	Toni Kroos	Duitsland	Middenvelder	0	0	30-06-2012
44.	Anatoli Tymosjtsjoek	Oekraïne	Middenvelder	308	42	30-06-2012

[bewerken]Aangetrokken 2011/2012

	Naam	Vorige club
	Manuel Neuer	Schalke 04
	Rafinha	Genoa CFC
	Nils Petersen	Energie Cottbus
	Jérôme Boateng	Manchester City FC
Japan	Takashi Usami	Japan Gamba Osaka

[bewerken]Vertrokken 2011/2012

	Naam	Nieuwe club
	Miroslav Klose	SS Lazio
	Hamit Altintop	Real Madrid CF
	Thomas Kraft	Hertha BSC
	Nicola Sansone	Parma F.C.

[bewerken]Aanvoerders

Land	Naam	Periode
	Franz Beckenbauer	1968-1977
	Paul Breitner	1978-1984
	Søren Lerby	1984-1986
	Klaus Augenthaler	1986-1991
	Lothar Matthäus	1991-1998
	Stefan Effenberg	1998-2002
	Oliver Kahn	2002-2008
	Mark van Bommel	2008-2011
	Philipp Lahm	2011-...

[bewerken]Bekende spelers

Zie de lijst van spelers van FC Bayern München voor een opsomming van spelers die uitkwamen voor de club.

Duitsers Klaus Augenthaler Raimond Aumann Michael Ballack Mario Basler Franz Beckenbauer Thomas Berthold Andreas Brehme Paul Breitner Sebastian Deisler Bernd Dürnberger Stefan Effenberg Torsten Frings Mario Gómez Dieter Hoeneß Uli Hoeneß Marcell Jansen Jens Jeremies Oliver Kahn Jürgen Klinsmann Miroslav Klose Jürgen Kohler Philipp Lahm Christian Lell Thomas Linke Sepp Maier Lothar Matthäus Gerd Müller Manuel Neuer Nils Petersen Lukas Podolski Stefan Reuter Franz Roth Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Jan Schlaudraff Mehmet Scholl Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck Bastian Schweinsteiger Roland Wohlfarth Christian Ziege Hans-Jörg Butt

Belgen Bobby Dekeyser Jean-Marie Pfaff Daniel Van Buyten Brazilianen Breno Giovane Élber Lúcio Zé Roberto Rafinha Fransen Valérien Ismaël Bixente Lizarazu Jean-Pierre Papin Franck Ribéry Willy Sagnol Iraniërs Ali Daei Vahid Hashemian Ali Karimi Italianen Massimo Oddo Ruggiero Rizzitelli Luca Toni

Nederlanders Mark van Bommel Edson Braafheid Willem Hesselink Arjen Robben Raymond Victoria Jan Wouters Louis van Gaal Roy Makaay Boy Deul Martin Jol Overig  Hamit Altıntop  Patrik Andersson  Zvonko Bego  Martín Demichelis  Landon Donovan  Owen Hargreaves  Mark Hughes  Samuel Kuffour  Claudio Pizarro  Hasan Salihamidžić  Roque Santa Cruz  Adolfo Valencia  Danijel Pranjić  Ivica Olić

[bewerken]Omnisportvereniging

FC Bayern München is een omnisportvereniging. Zo zijn er ook andere afdelingen binnen de vereniging, die onder de zelfde naam opereren. Zo speelt ook de schaakvereniging FC Bayern München in deSchachbundesliga.

[bewerken]Externe links

• Officiële website

Bundesliga – Seizoen 2011-2012
FC Augsburg · Bayer Leverkusen · Bayern München · Borussia Dortmund · SC Freiburg · Hannover 96 · HSV · Hertha BSC · Hoffenheim · Kaiserslautern · FC Köln · FSV Mainz · Borussia Mönchengladbach · FC Nürnberg · Schalke 04 · VfB Stuttgart ·Werder Bremen · VfL Wolfsburg

Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/; (German: München, pronounced [ˈmʏnçən] ( listen); Austro-Bavarian: Minga^[2]) is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, behind Berlin and Hamburg. About 1.35 million people live within the city limits. Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics.

The city's motto is "München mag Dich" (Munich likes you). Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" (Cosmopolitan city with a heart). Its native name,München, is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat of arms. Black and gold—the colours of the Holy Roman Empire—have been the city's official colours since the time of Ludwig the Bavarian.

Modern Munich is a financial and publishing hub, and a frequently top-ranked destination for migration and expatriate location in livability rankings. Munich achieved 7th place in frequently quoted Mercer livability rankings in 2010.^[3] For economic and social innovation, the city was ranked 15th globally out of 289 cities in 2010, and 5th in Germany by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index based on analysis of 162 indicators.^[4] In 2010, Monocle ranked Munich as theworld's most livable city.^[5]

[edit]History

Munich city coat of arms

[edit]Origin and Medieval town

The year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date, which is only the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document. The document was signed in Augsburg.^[6] By that time the Guelph Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, had built a bridge over the river Isar next to a settlement of Benedictine monks—this was on the Salt Route and a toll bridge.

Almost two decades later in 1175 Munich was officially granted city status and received fortification. In 1180, with the trial of Henry the Lion, Otto I Wittelsbach became Duke of Bavaria and Munich was handed over to the Bishop of Freising. Wittelsbach's heirs, the Wittelsbach dynasty, would rule Bavaria until 1918. In 1240, Munich was transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach and in 1255, when the Duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria.

Duke Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income. In the late 15th century Munich underwent a revival of gothic arts—the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and a Munich's largest gothic church, now a cathedral—the Frauenkirche—constructed in only twenty years, starting in 1468.

[edit]Capital of reunited Bavaria

Marienplatz, Munich about 1650

Banners with the colours of Munich (left) and Bavaria (right) with the Frauenkirche in the background.

When Bavaria was reunited in 1506, Munich became its capital. The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the court (seeOrlando di Lasso, Heinrich Schuetz and later Mozart and Richard Wagner). During the 16th century Munich was a centre of the Germancounter reformation, and also of renaissance arts. Duke Wilhelm V commissioned the Jesuit Michaelskirche, which became a centre for the counter-reformation, and also built the Hofbräuhaus for brewing brown beer in 1589. The Catholic League was founded in Munich in 1609. In 1623 during the Thirty Years' War Munich became electoral residence when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with theelectoral dignity but in 1632 the city was occupied by Gustav II Adolph of Sweden. When the bubonic plague broke out in 1634 and 1635 about one third of the population died. Under the regency of the Bavarian electors Munich was an important centre of baroque life but also had to suffer under Habsburg occupations in 1704 and 1742.

In 1806, the city became the capital of the new Kingdom of Bavaria, with the state's parliament (the Landtag) and the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising being located in the city. Twenty years later Landshut University was moved to Munich. Many of the city's finest buildings belong to this period and were built under the first three Bavarian kings. Later Prince Regent Luitpold's years as regent were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich (see Franz von Stuck and Der Blaue Reiter).

[edit]World War I through World War II

Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During French air raids in 1916, three bombs fell on Munich. After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, Ludwig III and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. When Communists had taken power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May 1919 by theFreikorps. While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the National Socialism rose to prominence.

Bombing damage to the Altstadt. Note the roofless and pockmarked Altes Rathaus looking up the Tal. The roofless Heilig-Geist-Kirche is on the right of the photo. Its spire, without the copper top, is behind the church. The Talbruck gate tower is missing completely.

In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who were then concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich.

The city once again became a Nazi stronghold when the National Socialists took power in Germany in 1933. The National Socialist Workers Party created the firstconcentration camp at Dachau, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as theHauptstadt der Bewegung ("Capital of the Movement"). The NSDAP headquarters was in Munich and many Führerbauten ("Führer-buildings") were built around theKönigsplatz, some of which have survived to this day.

The city is known as the site of the culmination of the policy of appeasement employed by Britain and France leading up to World War II. It was in Munich that British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region into Greater Germany in the hopes of sating the desires of Hitler'sThird Reich.

Munich was the base of the White Rose, a student resistance movement from June 1942 to February 1943. The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in Munich University by Hans and Sophie Scholl.

The city was heavily damaged by allied bombing during World War II—the city was hit by 71 air raids over a period of six years.

[edit]Postwar

After US occupation in 1945, Munich was completely rebuilt following a meticulous and – by comparison to other war-ravaged West German cities – rather conservative plan which preserved its pre-war street grid. In 1957 Munich's population passed the 1 million mark.

Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics, during which Israeli athletes were assassinated by Palestinian terrorists in the Munich massacre, when gunmen from the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group took hostage members of the Israeli Olympic team.

BMW Welt

Most Munich residents enjoy a high quality of life. Mercer HR Consulting consistently rates the city among the top 10 cities with the highest quality of life worldwide—a 2007 survey ranked Munich as 8th.^[7] The same company also ranks Munich as the world's 39th most expensive city to live in and the most expensive major city in Germany.^[8] Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven by the information technology, biotechnology, and publishing sectors. Environmental pollution is low, although as of 2006 the city council is concerned about levels of particulate matter (PM), especially along the city's major thoroughfares. Since the enactment of EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate in the air, environmental groups such as Greenpeace have staged large protest rallies to urge the city council and the State government to take a harder stance on pollution.^{[citation needed]}

Today, the crime rate is low compared to other large German cities, such as Hamburg or Berlin. This high quality of life and safety has caused the city to be nicknamed "Toytown" amongst the English-speaking residents. German inhabitants call it "Millionendorf", an expression which means "village of a million people".

[edit]Geography

Munich: View from the Englischer Garten

Munich lies on the elevated plains of Upper Bavaria, about 50 km (31.07 mi) north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 520 m (1,706.04 ft) ASL. The local rivers are the Isar and the Würm. Munich is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland. The northern part of this sandy plateau includes a highly fertile flint area which is no longer affected by the folding processes found in the Alps, while the southern part is covered with morainic hills. Between these are fields of fluvio-glacial out-wash, such as around Munich. Wherever these deposits get thinner, the ground water can permeate the gravel surface and flood the area, leading to marshes as in the north of Munich.

[edit]Climate

Munich has a continental climate, strongly modified by the proximity of the Alps. The city's altitude and proximity to the northern edge of the Alps mean that precipitation is high. Rainstorms often come violently and unexpectedly. The range of temperature between day and night or summer and winter can be extreme. A warm downwind from the Alps (a föhn wind) can raise temperatures sharply within a few hours, even in winter.

Winters last from December to March. Munich experiences cold winters, but heavy rainfall is rarely seen in the winter. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of −2.2 °C (28 °F). Snow cover is seen for at least a couple of weeks during winter. Summers in Munich city are warm with an average maximum of 24.0 °C(75 °F) in the hottest month of July. The summers last from May until September.

[edit]Demographics

Munich: St. Lukas and River Isar

In July 2007, Munich had 1.34 million inhabitants; 300,129 of those did not hold German citizenship. The city has strong Turkish and Balkan communities. The largest groups of foreign nationals were Turks (43,309), Albanians (30,385), Croats (24,866), Serbs (24,439), Greeks (22,486), Austrians (21,411), and Italians (20,847). 37% of foreign nationals come from the European Union.

With only 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the population doubled about every 30 years. For example, it had 100,000 people in 1852 and then 250,000 people in 1883; by 1901, the figure had doubled again to 500,000. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third largest city. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted and in 1957, Munich's population passed the 1 million mark.

49.3% of Munich's residents are not affiliated with any religious group, and this group represents the fastest growing segment of the population. As in the rest of Germany, the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches have experienced a continuous, slow decline in their memberships. As of 31 December 2010, 36.8% of the city's inhabitants were Roman Catholic, 13.6% Protestant, and 0.3% Jewish.^[10] There is also a small Old Catholic parish and an English-speaking parish of the Episcopal Church^{[disambiguation needed ]} in the city.^[11] There's also a significant number of Muslims living in Munich, mostly composed of immigrants.

[edit]Politics

Results of the elections for the city council 2008

Munich's current mayor is Christian Ude of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Munich has a nearly unbroken history of SPD governments since World War II, which is remarkable because the southern part of Bavaria is a conservative stronghold, with the Christian Social Union winning absolute majorities among the Bavarian electorate in many elections at the communal, state, and federal levels. Bavaria's second city Nuremberg is also one of the very few bavarian cities governed by a SPD led coalition.

Munich is currently governed by a coalition of the SPD, the Greens and the Rosa Liste (Pink List, a gay rights party).

As the capital of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich is an important political centre in Germany and the seat of the Bavarian State Parliament, the Staatskanzlei (the State Chancellery) and of all state departments.

Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the Federal Finance Court of Germany and the European Patent Office.

In 2003, Munich decided to switch 14,000 computers gradually to free software. It develops a Debian based Linux distribution called LiMux.^[12]

[edit]Subdivisions

Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 boroughs or Stadtbezirke.

[edit]Architecture

The New Town Hall and Marienplatz

Frauenkirche

The city is an inspiring mix of historic buildings and impressive architecture, since Munich reconstructed the ruins of their historic buildings but also created new landmarks of architecture. A survey, conducted by the Society's Center for Sustainable Destinations for the National Geographic Traveler, chose over 100 historic places around the world and ranked Munich as the 30th best destination.^[13]

[edit]The inner city

At the centre of the city is the Marienplatz—a large open square named after the Mariensäule, a Marian column in its centre—with the Old and the New Town Hall. Its tower contains the Rathaus-Glockenspiel. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification have survived to this day—the Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in the south and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. The Karlstor leads up to the Stachus, a grand square dominated by the Justizpalast (Palace of Justice) and a fountain.

The Peterskirche close to Marienplatz is the oldest church of the inner city. It was first built during the Romanesque period, and was the focus of the early monastic settlement in Munich before the city's official foundation in 1158. Nearby St. Peter the Gothic hall-church Heiliggeistkirche (The Church of the Holy Spirit) was converted to baroque style from 1724 onwards and looks down upon the Viktualienmarkt, the most popular market of Munich.

The Frauenkirche is the most famous building in the city centre and serves as the cathedral for the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The nearby Michaelskirche is the largest renaissance church north of the Alps, while the Theatinerkirche is a basilica in Italianate high baroque which had a major influence on Southern German baroquearchitecture. Its dome dominates the Odeonsplatz. Other baroque churches in the inner city which are worth a detour are the Bürgersaalkirche, the Salvatorkirche (St. Salvator), the Dreifaltigkeitskirche, the St. Anna Damenstiftskirche and St. Anna im Lehel, the first rococo church in Bavaria. The Asamkirche was endowed and built by the Brothers Asam, pioneering artists of the rococo period.

The large Residenz palace complex (begun in 1385) on the edge of Munich's Old Town ranks among Europe's most significant museums of interior decoration. Having undergone several extensions, it contains also the treasury and the splendid rococo Cuvilliés Theatre. Next door to the Residenz the neo-classical opera, the National Theatre was erected. Among the baroque and neoclassical mansions which still exist in Munich are the Palais Porcia, the Palais Preysing, the Palais Holnstein and thePrinz-Carl-Palais. All mansions are situated close to the Residenz, same as the Alte Hof, a medieval castle and first residence of the Wittelsbach dukes in Munich.

The inner city has been recreated^[14] in the virtual world of Second Life and can be visited for a virtual sight seeing tour.

[edit]The royal avenues and squares

Ludwigstrasse

Four grand royal avenues of the 19th century with magnificent official buildings connect Munich's inner city with the suburbs:

The neoclassical Briennerstrasse, starting at Odeonsplatz on the northern fringe of the Old Town close to the Residenz, runs from east to west and opens into the impressive Königsplatz, designed with the "Doric" Propyläen, the "Ionic" Glyptothek and the "Corinthian" State Museum of Classical Art, on its back side St. Boniface's Abbey was erected. The area around Königsplatz is home to the Kunstareal, Munich's gallery and museum quarter (as described below).

Ludwigstrasse also begins at Odeonsplatz and runs from south to north, skirting the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, the St. Louis church, the Bavarian State Library and numerous state ministries and palaces. The southern part of the avenue was constructed in Italian renaissance style while the north is strongly influenced by Italian Romanesque architecture.

Maximilianeum

The neo-Gothic Maximilianstrasse starts at Max-Joseph-Platz, where the Residenz and the National Theatre are situated, and runs from west to east. The avenue is framed by neo-Gothic buildings which house, among others, the Schauspielhaus and the Building of the district government of Upper Bavaria and the Museum of Ethnology. After crossing the river Isar, the avenue circles the Maximilianeum, home of the state parliament. The western portion of Maximilianstrasse is known for its designer shops, luxury boutiques, jewellery stores, and one of Munich's foremost five-star hotels, the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten.

Prinzregentenstrasse runs parallel to Maximilianstrasse and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais. Many museums can be found along the avenue, such as the Haus der Kunst, theBavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie. The avenue crosses the Isar and circles the Friedensengel monument passing the Villa Stuck and Hitler's old apartment. The Prinzregententheater is at Prinzregentenplatz further to the east.

[edit]Other boroughs

Nymphenburg Palace

Two large baroque palaces in Nymphenburg and Oberschleissheim are reminders of Bavaria's royal past. Schloss Nymphenburg (Nymphenburg Palace), some 6 km north west of the city centre, is surrounded by an impressive park and is considered to be one of Europe's most beautiful royal residences. 2 km north west of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (Blutenburg Castle), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. Schloss Fürstenried (Fürstenried Palace), a baroque palace of similar structure to Nymphenburg but of much smaller size, was erected around the same time in the south west of Munich. The second large baroque residence isSchloss Schleissheim (Schleissheim Palace), located in the suburb of Oberschleissheim, a palace complex encompassing three separate residences: Altes Schloss Schleissheim (the old palace), Neues Schloss Schleissheim (the new palace) and Schloss Lustheim (Lustheim Palace). Most parts of the palace complex serve as museums and art galleries. Deutsches Museum's Flugwerft Schleissheim flight exhibition centre is located nearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field.

BMW Headquarters

St Michael in Berg am Laim might be the most remarkable church out of the inner city. Most of the boroughs have parish churches which originate from the Middle Ages like the most famous church of pilgrimage in Munich St Mary in Ramersdorf. The oldest church within the city borders is Heilig Kreuz in Fröttmaning next to the Allianz-Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco. Especially in its suburbs, Munich features a wide and diverse array of modern architecture, although strict culturally sensitive height limitations for buildings have limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views to the distant Bavarian Alps. Most high-rise buildings are clustered at the northern edge of Munich in the skyline, like the Hypo-Haus, the Arabella High-Rise Building, the Highlight Towers, Uptown Munich, Münchner Tor and the BMW Headquarters next to the Olympic Park. Several other high-rise buildings are located near the city centre and on the Siemens campus in southern Munich. A landmark of modern Munich is also the architecture of the sport stadiums (as described below).

In Fasangarten is the former McGraw Kaserne, a former U.S. army base, near Stadelheim Prison.

[edit]The parks

Hofgarten with the dome of the state chancellery near the Residenz

Munich is a green city with numerous parks. The Englischer Garten, close to the city centre and covering an area of 3.7 km² (larger than Central Park in New York), is one of the world's largest urban public parks, and contains a nudist area, jogging tracks and bridle-paths. It was designed and laid out by Benjamin Thompson, Count of Rumford, for both pleasure and as a work area for the city's vagrants and homeless. Nowadays it is entirely a park with a Biergarten at the Chinese Pagoda.

Other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark, Westpark, and the parks of Nymphenburg Palace (with the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg to the north), and Schleissheim Palace. The city's oldest park is the Hofgarten, near the Residenz, and dating back to the 16th century. Best known for the largest beergarden in the town is the former royal Hirschgarten, founded in 1780 for deer which still live there.

The city's zoo is the Tierpark Hellabrunn near the Flaucher Island in the Isar in the south of the city. Another notable park is Ostpark, located in Perlach-Ramersdorf area which houses the swimming area, Michaelibad, one of the largest in Munich.

[edit]Sports

Allianz Arena

[edit]Football

Munich is home to several professional football teams, including FC Bayern which is Germany's most popular and most successful club. The Munich area currently has three teams in the Bundesliga system (FC Bayern, TSV 1860 and SpVgg Unterhaching), which comprises the three top divisions of German football.

[edit]Hockey

The city's ice hockey club is EHC Munich.

[edit]Olympics

Olympiasee

Olympiasee in Olympiapark, Munich

Munich has also hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics and was one of the host cities for the 2006 Football World Cup which was not held in Munich's Olympic Stadium but in a new football specific stadium, the Allianz Arena.

Munich bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games but lost to Pyeongchang.^[15] In September 2011 the DOSB President Thomas Bach confirmed that Munich would bid again for the Winter Olympics in the future.^[16]

[edit]Culture

[edit]Language

The Austro-Bavarian language is also spoken in and around Munich, where it is known as österreichisch-bayrisch. Austro-Bavarian has no official status by the Bavarian authorities or local government yet is recognised by the SIL and has its own ISO-639 code.

[edit]Museums

The Deutsches Museum or German Museum, located on an island in the River Isar, is one of the oldest and largest science museums in the world. Three redundant exhibition buildings which are under a protection order were converted to house the Verkehrsmuseum, which houses the land transport collections of the Deutsches Museum. Deutsches Museum's Flugwerft Schleissheim flight exhibition centre is located nearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field. Several non-centralised museums (many of those are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) show the expanded state collections of palaeontology, geology, mineralogy,^[17] zoology, botany and anthropology.

The Glyptothek

The city has several important art galleries, most of which can be found in the Kunstareal, including the Alte Pinakothek, the Neue Pinakothek, the Pinakothek der Moderne and the Museum Brandhorst. Alte Pinakothek's monolithic structure contains a treasure trove of the works of European masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. The collection reflects the eclectic tastes of the Wittelsbachs over four centuries, and is sorted by schools over two sprawling floors. Major displays includeAlbrecht Dürer's Christ-like Self-Portrait, his Four Apostles, Raphael's paintings The Canigiani Holy Family and Madonna Tempi as well as Peter Paul Rubens two-storey-high Judgment Day. The gallery houses one of the world's most comprehensive Rubens collections. Before World War I, the Blaue Reiter group of artists worked in Munich. Many of their works can now be seen at the Lenbachhaus. An important collection of Greek and Roman art is held in the Glyptothek and the Staatliche Antikensammlung (State Antiquities Collection). King Ludwig I managed to acquire such famous pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and figures from theTemple of Aphaea on Aegina for the Glyptothek. The Kunstareal will be further augmented by the completion of the Egyptian Museum.

The famous gothic Morris dancers of Erasmus Grasser are exhibited in the Munich City Museum in the old gothic arsenal building in the inner city.

Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is the Lehel quarter between the old town and the river Isar: The State Museum of Ethnology in Maximilianstrasse is the second largest collection in Germany of artifacts and objects from outside Europe, while the Bavarian National Museum and the adjoining Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Prinzregentenstrasse rank among Europe's major art and cultural history museums. The nearby Schackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th century paintings.

The former Dachau concentration camp is 16 kilometres outside the city.

[edit]Arts and literature

Munich is a major European cultural centre and has played host to many prominent composers including Orlando di Lasso, W.A. Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber, Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss,Max Reger and Carl Orff. With the Munich Biennale founded by Hans Werner Henze, and the A*DEvantgarde festival, the city still contributes to modern music theatre.

National Theatre

The Nationaltheater where several of Richard Wagner's operas had their premieres under the patronage of Ludwig II of Bavaria is the home of the Bavarian State Opera and the Bavarian State Orchestra. Next door the modern Residenz Theatre was erected in the building that had housed the Cuvilliés Theatre before World War II. Many operas were staged there, including the premiere of Mozart's "Idomeneo" in 1781. The Gärtnerplatz Theatre is a ballet and musical state theatre while another opera house thePrinzregententheater has become the home of the Bavarian Theatre Academy. The modern Gasteig center houses the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. The third orchestra in Munich with international importance is the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Its primary concert venue is the Herkulesaal in the former city royal residence, the Residenz. A stage for shows, big events and musicals is the Deutsche Theater.

The Golden Friedensengel

Next to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the Residenz Theatre (Residenztheater), the Munich Kammerspiele in the Schauspielhaus is one of the most important German language theatres in the world. Since Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's premieres in 1775 many important writers have staged their plays in Munich such as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Henrik Ibsenand Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

The city is known as the second largest publishing center in the world (around 250 publishing houses have offices in the city), and many national and international publications are published in Munich, such as Matchless Magazine, LAXMag and Prinz.

Prominent literary figures worked in Munich especially during the final centuries of the Kingdom of Bavaria such as Paul Heyse, Max Halbe, Rainer Maria Rilke and Frank Wedekind. The period immediately before World War I saw economic and cultural prominence for the city. Munich, and especially its suburb of Schwabing, became the domicile of many artists and writers. Thomas Mann, who also lived there, wrote ironically in his novella Gladius Dei about this period, "Munich shone". It remained a centre of cultural life during the Weimar period with figures such as Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht and Oskar Maria Graf. In 1919 the Bavaria Film Studios were founded.

From the Gothic to the Baroque era, the fine arts were represented in Munich by artists like Erasmus Grasser, Jan Polack, Johann Baptist Straub, Ignaz Günther, Hans Krumpper, Ludwig von Schwanthaler, Cosmas Damian Asam, Egid Quirin Asam, Johann Baptist Zimmermann, Johann Michael Fischer and François de Cuvilliés. Munich had already become an important place for painters like Carl Rottmann, Lovis Corinth, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Carl Spitzweg, Franz von Lenbach, Franz von Stuck and Wilhelm Leibl when Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a group of expressionist artists, was established in Munich in 1911. The city was home to the Blue Rider's painters Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Gabriele Münter, Franz Marc, August Macke and Alfred Kubin.

[edit]Hofbräuhaus and Oktoberfest

Hofbräuhaus

Oktoberfest (2003)

The Hofbräuhaus am Platzl, arguably the most famous beer hall worldwide, is located in the city centre. It also operates the second largest tent at the Oktoberfest, one of Munich's most famous attractions. For two weeks, the Oktoberfest attracts millions of people visiting its beer tents ("Bierzelte") and fairground attractions. The Oktoberfest was first held on 12 October 1810 in honour of the marriage of crown prince Ludwig to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen. The festivities were closed with a horse race and in the following years the horse races were continued and later developed into what is now known as the Oktoberfest. Despite its name, most of Oktoberfest occurs in September. It always finishes on the first Sunday in October unless the German national holiday on 3 October ("Tag der deutschen Einheit"-Day of German Unity) is a Monday or Tuesday-then the Oktoberfest remains open for these days.

[edit]Culinary specialities

Weisswürste with süßer Senf (sweetmustard) and a Brezn (Pretzel).

The Weißwurst ('white sausage') is a Munich speciality. Traditionally eaten only before 12:00 noon – a tradition dating to a time before refrigerators – these morsels are often served with sweet mustard and freshly baked pretzels. Leberkäs, Bavarian baked sausage loaf, often served with potato salad, is another delicacy of the region.

The most famous soup might be the Leberknödel Soup. Leberknödel is a bread dumpling seasoned with liver and onions.

Schweinsbraten (pot roasted pork) with Knödel (dumplings made from potatoes and/or white bread) and Kraut (cabbage) or a Schweinshaxe (pork knuckle) are served as lunch or dinner. Beuscherl, a plate of lung, heart and spleen is also served with dumplings.

Popular as dessert is the Apfelstrudel (apple) strudel with vanilla sauce, the Millirahmstrudel a cream cheese strudel, Dampfnudeln (yeast dumplings served with custard) or Auszogene, a fried pastry shaped like a large donut but without a hole. And there is also the famous Prinzregententorte created in honour of the prince regent Luitpold.

Some specialities are typical cold dishes served in beergardens: Obatzda is a Bavarian cheese delicacy, a savoury blend of smashed mellow camembert prepared with cream cheese, cut onions and spicy paprika (and sometimes some butter). It's often served in the beer gardens along with Radi, white radish cut in thin slices and salted, and Münchner Wurstsalat, Munich's famous sausage salad with thinly sliced Knackwurst marinated in vinegar and oil with onions on a bed of lettuce. Popular grilled meals include Steckerlfisch which is usually Mackerel, but may also be a local fish, such as trout or whitefish, speared on a wooden stick, grilled and smoked on charcoal—the typical feature is the crispy skin. Another classic is A hoibs Hendl (half a grilled chicken). A Mass (die Maß) is a litre of beer, a Radler consists of half beer and half lemonade.

[edit]Local beers

Munich is famous for its breweries and the Weissbier (or Weizenbier, wheat beer) is a speciality from Bavaria. Helles with its translucent gold colour is the most popular Munich beer today, although it’s not old (only introduced in 1895). Helles and Pils have almost ousted the Munich Dark Beer (Dunkles), which gets its dark colour from burnt malt, the most popular beer in Munich within the 19th century. Starkbier is the strongest Munich beer, containing 6–9 percent alcohol. It is dark amber and has a heavy malty taste. It is available and popular during the Lenten Starkbierzeit (strong beer season), which begins on or before St. Joseph’s Day (19 March). There are around 20 major beer gardens, with four of the most famous and popular being located in the Englischer Garten and the largest one in the Hirschgarten.

• Augustiner Bräu
• Paulaner
• Hacker-Pschorr
• Hofbräu
• Löwenbräu
• Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu

[edit]Markets

The Viktualienmarkt is Munich's most popular market for fresh food and delicatessen. A very old feature of Munich's Fasching (carnival) is the dance of the Marktfrauen (market women) of the Viktualienmarkt in comical costumes.

The Auer Dult is held three times a year on the square around Mariahilf church and is one of Munich's oldest markets, well known for its hardware, tat and antiques.

Three weeks before Christmas the Christkindlmarkt opens at Marienplatz and other squares in the city, selling Christmas goods.

[edit]Nightlife

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011)

Nightlife in Munich is thriving with over 6,000 licensed establishments in the city, especially in Schwabing, which is still the main quarter for students and artists. Some notable establishments are:

• the touristy Hofbräuhaus, one of the oldest breweries in Munich, located in the city centre near Tal
• Kultfabrik (formerly known as Kunstpark Ost) and Optimolwerke, former industrial compounds converted to host many different discos and pubs
• P1 which is Munich's premier socialite discothèque^{[citation needed]}
• Munich's gay quarter is located in the borough Isarvorstadt, surrounding the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz, and is also known as the Glockenbachviertel
• Munich's newest (as of Jan. 2010) nightlife hot spot right at the heart of Munich, stretching from Maximiliansplatz via Stachus to Sonnenstrasse, its shape resembling a – and therefore colloqially called – banana.^{[citation needed]}

[edit]Colleges and universities

Munich is a leading location for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize laureates from Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1901 to Theodor Hänsch in 2005. Munich has become a spiritual centre already since the times of Emperor Louis IV when philosophers like Michael of Cesena, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham were protected at the emperor's court. The Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and the Technische Universität München (TU or TUM), were two of the first three German universities to be awarded the title elite university by a selection committee composed of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the German states (Länder). Only the two Munich universities and the Technical University of Karlsruhe (now part of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) have held this honour, and the implied greater chances of attracting research funds, since the first evaluation round in 2006.

Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University

Munich University of Applied Sciences

• Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), founded in 1472 in Ingolstadt, moved to Munich in 1826
• Technical University of Munich (TUM), founded in 1868
• Ukrainian Free University, founded in 1921 (from 1945 – in Munich)
• Munich Business School (MBS), founded in 1991
• Munich University of Applied Sciences (HM), founded in 1971
• Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC)
• Bundeswehr University Munich, founded in 1973
• Pionierschule und Fachschule des Heeres für Bautechnik
• Hochschule für Musik und Theater München, founded in 1830
• Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, founded in 1808
• University of Television and Film Munich, (Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film) founded in 1966
• Munich University of Philosophy, founded in 1925 in Pullach, moved to Munich in 1971
• Munich School of Political Science
• Katholische Stiftungsfachhochschule München, founded in 1971
• International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences [5],
• International School of Management [6]
• Deutsche Journalistenschule, founded in 1959

[edit]Scientific research institutions

[edit]Max Planck Society

The Max Planck Society, an independent German non-profit research organization, has its administrative headquarters in Munich. The following institutes are located in the Munich area:

• Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching
• Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried
• Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
• Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law, München
• Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, München
• Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried
• Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Andechs-Erling (Biological Rhythms and Behaviour), Radolfzell, Seewiesen (Reproductive Biology and Behaviour)[7]
• Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute), München
• Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (also in Greifswald)
• Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München
• Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, München (closed)
• Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching

[edit]Other research institutes

• Botanische Staatssammlung München, a notable herbarium
• Fraunhofer Institute
• European Southern Observatory
• Helmholtz Zentrum München
• Doerner Institute

[edit]Economy

BMW Headquarters building (one of the few buildings that have been built from the top to the bottom) and the bowl shaped BMW museum

Munich has the strongest economy of any German city^[18] and the lowest unemployment rate (5.6%) of any German city with more than a million people (the other ones being Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne).^[19][20] The city is also the economic centre of southern Germany. The initiative “Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM)” (New Social Market Economy) and the “WirtschaftsWoche” (Business Weekly) magazine have awarded Munich the top score in their comparative survey for the third time in June 2006. Munich topped the ranking of the magazine “Capital” in February 2005 for the economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in sixty German cities. Munich is considered a global city and holds the headquarters of Siemens AG (electronics), BMW (car), MAN AG (truck manufacturer, engineering), Linde (gases), Allianz(insurance), Munich Re (re-insurance), and Rohde & Schwarz (electronics). Among German cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants purchasing power is highest in Munich (26,648 euro per inhabitant) as of 2007.^[21] In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of 18.62 euro (ca. $ 23).^[22]

The breakdown by cities proper (not metropolitan areas) of Global 500 cities listed Munich in 8th position in 2009.^[23] Munich is also a centre for biotechnology, softwareand other service industries. Munich is also the home of the headquarters of many other large companies like the aircraft engine manufacturer MTU Aero Engines, the space and defence contractor EADS (headquartered in the suburban town of Ottobrunn), the injection molding machine manufacturer Krauss-Maffei, the camera and lighting manufacturer Arri, the semiconductor firm Infineon Technologies (headquartered in the suburban town of Neubiberg), lighting giant Osram, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies like Precision Plus, McDonald’s and Microsoft.

Munich has significance as a financial centre (secondary to Frankfurt), being home of HypoVereinsbank and the Bayerische Landesbank. It outranks Frankfurt though as home of insurance companies like Allianz and Munich Re.

Munich is the largest publishing city in Europe^[24] and home to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germany's largest daily newspapers. Munich is also home to Germany's largest public broadcasting network, ARD, and its largest commercial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, is home to the headquarters of the German branch of Random House, the world's largest publishing house, and is also host to the Burda publishing group.

The Bavaria Film Studios are located in the suburb of Grünwald. They are one of Europe's biggest and most famous film production studios.^[25]

Lufthansa has opened a second hub at Munich's Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, the second-largest airport in Germany, after Frankfurt International Airport.

[edit]Transportation

Public transport network

[edit]Munich International Airport

Franz Josef Strauss International Airport (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is Germany's second largest airport, after Frankfurt, with about 34 million passengers a year, and lies some 30 km (19 mi) north east of the city centre. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines S8 from the east and S1 from the west part of the city. From the Hauptbahnhof (main railway station), the journey takes 40–45 minutes. In 2017, S8 Express will be added and could take 23 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. A magnetic levitation train (called Transrapid) which was to have run at speeds of up to 400 km/h (249 mph) from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes had been approved,^[26] but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation.^[27]Supporters of the transrapid project founded the organization Bayern pro Rapid in 2007.

The airport began operations in 1992, replacing the former main airport, the Munich-Riem airport (active 1939–1992).

[edit]Other airports

The Bavarian state government has announced plans to expand the Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station^{[citation needed]} located west of Munich, for commercial use. These plans are opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area^{[citation needed]}.

The Memmingen Airport is also called Airport Munich West.

[edit]Public transportation

For its urban population of 2.6 million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have one of the most comprehensive and punctual systems in the world, incorporating the Munich U-Bahn (underground railway), theMunich S-Bahn (suburban trains), trams and buses. The system is supervised by the Munich Transport and Tariff Association (Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund GmbH). The Munich tramway is the oldest existing public transportation system in the city, which has been in operation since 1876. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines.

The extensive network of subway and tram lines assist and complement pedestrian movement in the city centre. The 700m-long Kaufinger Strasse, which starts near the Main train station, forms a pedestrian east-west spine that traverses almost the entire centre. Similarly, Weinstrasse leads off northwards to the Hofgarten. These major spines and many smaller streets cover an extensive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot and bike. The transformation of the historic area into a pedestrian priority zone enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes result from applying the principle of "filtered permability" which selectively restricts the number of roads that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip(see image). The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the Fused Grid.

The main railway station is Munich Hauptbahnhof, in the city centre, and there are two smaller main line stations at Pasing, in the west of the city, and Munich Ostbahnhof in the east. All three are connected to the public transport system and serve as transportation hubs.

ICE highspeed trains stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. InterCity and EuroCity trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at Munich East. Since 28 May 2006 Munich has been connected to Nuremberg via Ingolstadt by the 300 km/h (186 mph) Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway line.

The trade fair transport logistic is held every two years at the Neue Messe München (Messe München International).

[edit]Individual transportation

Munich motorway network

The Mariensäule (Mary's column)

Munich is an integral part of the motorway network of southern Germany. Motorways from Stuttgart (W), Nuremberg, Frankfurt and Berlin (N), Deggendorf and Passau (E),Salzburg and Innsbruck (SE), Garmisch Partenkirchen (S) and Lindau (SW) terminate at Munich, allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. However, traffic in and around Munich is often heavy. Traffic jams are commonplace during rush hour and at the beginning and end of major holidays in Germany.

[edit]Cycling

Cycling is recognized as a good alternative to motorized transport and the growing number of bicycle lanes are widely used throughout the year. A modern bike hire system is available in the central area of Munich that is surrounded by the Mittlerer Ring ring road.

[edit]Around Munich

The Munich agglomeration sprawls across the plain of the Alpine foothills comprising about 2.6 million inhabitants. Several smaller traditional Bavarian towns and cities likeDachau, Freising, Erding, Starnberg, Landshut and Moosburg are today part of the Greater Munich Region, formed by Munich and the surrounding districts, making up theMunich Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about 4.5 million people.^[28]

• 

  Dachau

•  
• 

  Erding

•  
• 

  Freising

•  
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  Fürstenfeldbruck

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  Landsberg

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• 

  Moosburg

[edit]International relations

Plaques in the Neues Rathaus(New City Hall) showing Munich's sister cities

Munich is twinned with the following cities (date of agreement shown in parentheses).

•  Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (1954)^[29]
•  Verona, Italy (1960)
•  Bordeaux, France (1964)
•  Sapporo, Japan (1972)
•  Monterrey, Mexico (2010)
•  Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (1989)
•  Kiev, Ukraine (1989)
•  Harare, Zimbabwe (1996)
•  Hyderabad, India (2005)

[edit]Famous people

[edit]Born in Munich

[edit]Famous residents

Gudrun Burwitz, Daughter of Heinrich Himmler

[edit]References